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1. If the research team __________ more funding, they would have been able to expand the scope of their study.

2. The university's new policy on plagiarism __________ implemented by the academic board last month.

3. The lecturer asked the students __________ they had any questions regarding the new assignment.

4. By the time the final results were announced, the candidates __________ for over three hours.

5. The term 'mitigate' is closest in meaning to:

6. Despite __________ numerous challenges, the project was completed on schedule.

7. The scientist, __________ groundbreaking work on genetics is widely recognized, will be giving a keynote speech.

8. You __________ the instruction manual more carefully; the device is not supposed to be submerged in water.

9. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, now __________ for a significant portion of global energy production.

10. A thorough risk __________ must be conducted before the experiment can commence.

11. The economic forecast suggests a __________ improvement in the job market over the next quarter.

12. The findings of the study have profound __________ for public health policy.

13. __________ the high cost of living in the city, many young professionals are choosing to move to suburban areas.

14. The company had to __________ its initial plans after receiving negative feedback from the focus group.

15. It is __________ that all employees attend the mandatory safety training session next week.

16. The government aims to __________ the gap between urban and rural development.

17. This particular chemical is known to have an adverse __________ on the environment.

18. New evidence has recently __________ which challenges the previous theory.

19. The research methodology was so __________ that other scientists found it difficult to replicate the results.

20. We need to look __________ the causes of this phenomenon more systematically.

21. Many historians argue that the invention of the printing press was a __________ moment in human history.

22. The data collected was __________; it did not provide a clear answer to the research question.

23. Urban areas tend to offer more job opportunities, __________ rural areas often provide a better quality of life.

24. He failed to __________ to the terms of the contract, which resulted in legal action.

Bài đọc hiểu

The Growth of Megacities

The 21st century has witnessed an unprecedented shift in global demographics, characterized by the rapid expansion of megacities—urban areas with populations exceeding ten million. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in developing nations, where economic opportunities draw millions from rural regions. While these sprawling metropolises are hubs of innovation and economic growth, they also face immense challenges. A primary concern is the strain on infrastructure, including transportation, sanitation, and housing. Public services often struggle to keep pace with the influx of new residents, leading to overcrowded living conditions and inadequate access to essential amenities. Furthermore, the environmental impact is significant, with high levels of pollution and consumption of natural resources. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive urban planning and substantial investment in sustainable technologies and public infrastructure. Without proactive measures, the promise of a better life that attracts so many to megacities could be undermined by the very pressures of their growth.

1. What is the main purpose of this passage?

2. According to the text, what is one major issue that puts pressure on megacities?

3. The word 'strain' in the passage is closest in meaning to:

4. The passage states that megacity expansion is most noticeable in developed countries.

5. Comprehensive urban planning is presented as the only solution to the problems of megacities.

Confirmation Bias in Research

A fundamental principle of scientific inquiry is objectivity. However, researchers, like all humans, are susceptible to cognitive biases that can inadvertently influence their work. One of the most pervasive of these is confirmation bias, the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's pre-existing beliefs or hypotheses. In a research context, this can lead a scientist to unintentionally prioritize data that supports their thesis while downplaying or dismissing evidence that contradicts it. For instance, they might design an experiment in a way that is more likely to yield a desired result, or they may interpret ambiguous data as supporting their view. To counteract this, the scientific community relies on mechanisms such as peer review and the replication of studies by independent researchers. These processes are designed to scrutinize methodologies and results, ensuring that conclusions are based on robust evidence rather than a researcher's personal inclinations. Acknowledging the potential for confirmation bias is the first step toward mitigating its effects and upholding scientific integrity.

1. What can be inferred about the peer review process from the passage?

2. According to the passage, how might confirmation bias affect a scientist's work?

3. The word 'inadvertently' in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to:

4. The passage suggests that only inexperienced researchers are affected by confirmation bias.

5. Replicating studies by other researchers helps to verify the original findings.

The Potential of Geothermal Energy

Among the various forms of renewable energy, geothermal power presents a unique and compelling option. Unlike solar or wind energy, which are intermittent and depend on weather conditions, geothermal energy provides a consistent and reliable power source. It operates by tapping into the Earth's natural heat, stored in rocks and fluids in the planet’s core. Power plants harness this energy by drilling deep wells to access underground reservoirs of steam and hot water. This steam is then used to drive turbines connected to electricity generators. One of the main advantages of geothermal energy is its small physical footprint on the landscape compared to large solar farms or wind turbine installations. Furthermore, it produces minimal greenhouse gas emissions. However, the high initial cost of drilling and exploration, as well as geographic limitations—it is most viable in tectonically active regions—pose significant barriers to its widespread adoption. Despite these challenges, ongoing technological advancements are making geothermal energy an increasingly attractive component of a sustainable energy future.

1. What is the primary advantage of geothermal energy mentioned in the text?

2. How do geothermal power plants generate electricity?

3. The word 'harness' in the passage is closest in meaning to:

4. The passage claims that geothermal energy is entirely free of environmental impact.