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1. Despite the considerable initial investment, the project was ultimately deemed a _______ success, exceeding all fiscal projections.

2. Not only _______ the new regulations foster a more competitive market, but they also safeguard consumer rights.

3. The research findings were inconclusive; _______, the committee decided to fund a second, more extensive study.

4. If the company _______ more attention to the focus group feedback, they would have designed a far more successful product.

5. The report highlights a significant _______ between the company's public statements on environmental policy and its actual practices.

6. _______ by the lead scientist, the presentation clearly outlined the potential risks and rewards of the experiment.

7. Seldom _______ such a compelling argument for the reform of international trade agreements.

8. The team's failure to secure the contract can be _______ to a lack of preparation and an overestimation of their influence.

9. _______ the ubiquity of digital communication, face-to-face interaction remains crucial for building strong professional relationships.

10. The defendant's legal team sought to _______ the credibility of the key witness by exposing inconsistencies in her testimony.

11. The archaeological dig was unexpectedly halted; the artifacts _______ been damaged by the sudden flooding.

12. This new software allows for a _______ integration of data from multiple sources, which was previously a major technical hurdle.

13. Had the government intervened earlier, the economic crisis _______ so severe.

14. The board has to choose the most _______ candidate, not necessarily the one with the most experience on paper.

15. All personnel are required to _______ with the new safety protocols, effective immediately.

16. The initiative aims to _______ poverty in the region within the next decade through a combination of education and economic stimulus.

17. The professor, _______ work on cellular biology is world-renowned, will be giving the keynote address.

18. Renewable energy is a promising field, _______ it faces significant challenges related to storage and grid integration.

19. The proposal was rejected on the _______ that it was not financially viable.

20. His _______ arguments failed to convince the jury of his innocence.

21. The treaty, _______ by all member states last year, has yet to be fully implemented.

22. The manager's decision to restructure the department was met with _______ from long-serving employees.

23. We must _______ our efforts if we are to meet the ambitious deadline.

Bài đọc hiểu

The Role of AI in Creative Industries

The proliferation of artificial intelligence into creative fields such as music, art, and literature has sparked a fervent debate about the nature of creativity itself. Proponents argue that AI serves as a powerful tool, augmenting human ingenuity rather than replacing it. For instance, generative algorithms can produce countless variations on a theme, offering artists a vast landscape of possibilities from which to draw inspiration. This collaborative approach, they contend, can push the boundaries of artistic expression. Conversely, skeptics express profound concern over the potential devaluation of human artistry. They question whether a work generated by an algorithm, devoid of genuine emotion and lived experience, can truly be considered art. Furthermore, the issue of authorship and intellectual property becomes increasingly convoluted; if an AI creates a masterpiece, who is the artist—the machine, its programmer, or the user who provided the initial prompt? This nascent technology forces us to confront fundamental questions about what it means to create, and whether the process is as important as the final product.

1. What is the primary purpose of the passage?

2. According to proponents, how does AI benefit human artists?

3. The word 'nascent' in the final sentence is closest in meaning to:

4. What is a major concern raised by skeptics regarding AI-generated art?

5. What complex issue does the passage say is made more 'convoluted' by AI?

6. What can be inferred about the author's stance?

7. According to the text, the use of AI forces society to re-evaluate the importance of the creative process.

Urban Greening and its Societal Impact

Urban greening, the practice of integrating nature into the built environment through parks, green roofs, and vertical gardens, is increasingly recognized as a vital strategy for sustainable urban development. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, this approach offers tangible environmental benefits, such as mitigating the urban heat island effect, improving air quality, and managing stormwater runoff. However, the socio-economic implications are more complex and warrant careful consideration. On one hand, green spaces can foster community cohesion, providing venues for social interaction and recreation, which have been linked to improved mental and physical health. On the other hand, the phenomenon of 'green gentrification' presents a significant challenge. The development of high-quality green amenities can inadvertently drive up property values, displacing long-term, often lower-income, residents who are then unable to afford the revitalized neighborhoods. Consequently, urban planners face the delicate task of balancing ecological goals with social equity. Ensuring that the benefits of urban greening are distributed equitably, without marginalizing vulnerable populations, is paramount for creating cities that are not only green but also just and inclusive.

1. What is the main argument of the passage?

2. The word 'mitigating' in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to:

3. According to the passage, what is 'green gentrification'?

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of urban greening?

5. What challenge do urban planners face, according to the text?

6. It can be inferred from the passage that:

7. The passage states that improved mental health is a direct result of social interaction in green spaces.

The Shift Towards Interdisciplinary Studies

In higher education, a discernible shift away from traditional, rigidly defined academic disciplines is underway. Universities are increasingly promoting interdisciplinary studies, which encourage students to synthesize knowledge from multiple fields to address complex, real-world problems. This approach posits that challenges such as climate change, global health crises, and digital ethics cannot be adequately understood, let alone solved, from the perspective of a single discipline. Whereas traditional education often creates intellectual 'silos,' where departments operate in isolation, interdisciplinary programs foster collaboration and a more holistic understanding. Critics, however, argue that this trend may lead to a lack of depth; a 'jack of all trades, master of none' scenario where students gain a superficial knowledge of many subjects but true expertise in none. They maintain that a strong foundation in a core discipline is essential before one can meaningfully engage with other fields. Nevertheless, proponents believe that the ability to integrate diverse perspectives is a crucial skill for the 21st-century workforce, far outweighing the risks of supposed superficiality.

1. What is the primary reason for the move towards interdisciplinary studies?

2. What does the term 'silos' refer to in the context of the passage?

3. What is the main concern of critics of interdisciplinary studies?

4. What can be inferred about the skills valued in the '21st-century workforce,' according to proponents?

5. The tone of the passage can best be described as:

6. Which idea is presented in the text as an opinion, not a fact?