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1. Not only ______ the necessary funding, but they also garnered significant public support for the initiative.

2. The report's findings ______ the urgent need for policy reform in the urban housing sector.

3. Had the engineers detected the fault earlier, the catastrophic system failure ______.

4. The company performed exceptionally well; ______, a global recession is expected to impact its growth next year.

5. The new archaeological discovery is ______ to rewrite our understanding of early human migration.

6. The empty laboratory and powered-down equipment suggest the researchers ______ for the day.

7. ______ by the complexity of the task, the team decided to consult with external experts.

8. It is imperative that all participants ______ to the non-disclosure agreement they signed.

9. The manager, ______ leadership style is highly collaborative, has an excellent rapport with her staff.

10. The politician's vague promises were met with considerable ______ from the press.

11. By the time the conference concludes tomorrow, delegates from over fifty countries ______ presentations.

12. ______ automation offers increased efficiency, it also raises concerns about job displacement.

13. The aim of the seminar is to ______ the intricate relationship between technology and society.

14. Under no circumstances ______ passengers permitted to enter the cockpit during the flight.

15. If the original plan had been followed, the company ______ in its current financial predicament.

16. A significant ______ exists between the company's public statements and its internal policies.

17. The student requested an extension, ______ that the library had been unexpectedly closed.

18. We need to ______ our marketing materials translated by a professional before the international launch.

19. The data was inconclusive; ______, more research is required to draw any firm conclusions.

20. ______ the committee's concerns about the timeline, not the budget, that led to the project's postponement.

21. The ability to ______ criticism is a vital trait for anyone in a leadership position.

22. ______ with the necessary resources, the research team could make a major breakthrough.

23. The ancient manuscript, ______ for centuries, was finally deciphered by a team of linguists.

24. His arguments, though eloquent, lacked ______ evidence and were therefore unconvincing.

25. Little ______ that their small startup would eventually grow into a multinational corporation.

Bài đọc hiểu

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Climate Change Mitigation

The burgeoning field of artificial intelligence (AI) presents a dual-edged sword in the global effort to combat climate change. On one hand, AI-powered systems are instrumental in enhancing climate modeling, allowing scientists to generate more accurate predictions about weather patterns, sea-level rise, and the frequency of extreme weather events. These models can, in turn, inform policy and guide resource allocation for mitigation and adaptation strategies. Furthermore, AI is being deployed to optimize energy consumption in smart grids and industrial processes, significantly reducing carbon footprints. For instance, algorithms can manage energy distribution in real-time, diverting power where it is most needed and minimizing waste. However, the immense computational power required to train sophisticated AI models is itself a source of concern. The data centers that house these systems consume vast amounts of electricity, often generated from fossil fuels, thereby contributing to the very problem AI is intended to solve. This paradox necessitates a conscientious approach, focusing on developing energy-efficient algorithms and powering data centers with renewable energy sources to ensure that AI serves as a net positive in the climate equation.

1. What is the primary purpose of this passage?

2. According to the passage, how does AI assist in climate modeling?

3. The word 'instrumental' in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to:

4. What 'paradox' does the author describe?

5. What solution does the author propose to address the downside of AI?

6. Which of the following statements is an opinion presented in the passage?

7. The passage states that AI is used to optimize energy consumption in smart grids.

Ethical Frontiers: The Debate on Human Genetic Engineering

The advent of precise gene-editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 has propelled the theoretical possibility of human genetic engineering into a tangible reality, sparking fervent ethical debate. Proponents argue that these tools hold the key to eradicating debilitating hereditary diseases, such as Huntington's disease or cystic fibrosis, before they can manifest. The potential to alleviate immense human suffering is a powerful moral imperative. They envision a future where genetic predispositions to cancer, heart disease, or Alzheimer's could be corrected, fundamentally altering public health landscapes. Conversely, opponents raise profound concerns about the unforeseen long-term consequences of altering the human germline—the genetic material that is passed down to subsequent generations. Alterations made today could have unpredictable and irreversible effects on the human gene pool. The debate is further complicated by socio-economic issues. There is a palpable fear that access to such 'genetic enhancements' would be restricted to the affluent, creating a new, biologically-defined class divide. This could exacerbate existing social inequalities, leading to a 'genetic aristocracy.' Navigating this complex terrain requires a global dialogue, establishing robust regulatory frameworks that distinguish between therapeutic applications and non-medical enhancements, ensuring that this powerful technology serves humanity equitably and safely.

1. What is the main subject of the passage?

2. According to proponents, what is the primary benefit of genetic engineering?

3. The term 'human germline' refers to genetic material that is...

4. What is meant by the phrase 'a new, biologically-defined class divide'?

5. What does the author suggest is necessary to manage this technology responsibly?

6. What is the author's tone in this passage?

7. The passage explicitly mentions the potential to cure cystic fibrosis.

8. The passage states that all scientists agree on the benefits of germline editing.

Rethinking Assessment: The Shift to Project-Based Learning

For decades, educational assessment has been dominated by standardized tests and summative examinations, which primarily measure rote memorization and procedural knowledge. However, a pedagogical shift is gaining momentum, advocating for project-based learning (PBL) as a more holistic and authentic method of evaluation. Unlike traditional tests that provide a single snapshot of a student's ability on a given day, PBL requires students to engage in sustained inquiry, critical thinking, and collaboration to solve complex, real-world problems. The final 'product'—be it a research paper, a physical model, or a multimedia presentation—serves as a rich testament to the student's learning journey, showcasing not just what they know, but what they can do with their knowledge. Critics of PBL, however, point to its inherent challenges. Designing effective projects is time-consuming for educators, and evaluating them objectively can be far more subjective than grading a multiple-choice exam. Moreover, ensuring equitable participation within group projects is a persistent hurdle. Despite these challenges, proponents argue that the skills fostered by PBL—such as problem-solving, creativity, and teamwork—are precisely those demanded by the 21st-century workplace, making it an indispensable tool for preparing students for future success.

1. What is the main argument of the passage?

2. The word 'holistic' in the first paragraph means...

3. According to the passage, what is a primary criticism of traditional tests?

4. Which of the following is mentioned as a challenge of implementing PBL?

5. What can be inferred about the skills valued in the 21st-century workplace?

6. The passage suggests that traditional exams are generally easier for teachers to grade than projects.

7. The passage states that all students prefer project-based learning over traditional exams.