Vertical farming is a modern method of growing food. Instead of large, outdoor fields, this approach uses indoor facilities where plants are grown in stacked layers. These farms often look like tall buildings filled with shelves of green plants. The main principle of vertical farming is the use of controlled environments. Farmers can manage the exact amount of light, water, and nutrients that each plant receives. This is often achieved using technologies such as hydroponics, where plants grow in water instead of soil. Because the conditions are carefully managed, crops can be grown all year, regardless of the local weather. One major benefit of this system is its efficiency with resources. Vertical farms use significantly less land and water compared to traditional agriculture. Furthermore, because these farms can be built inside cities, they reduce the need for long-distance transportation of food. However, the high energy consumption needed for artificial lighting and temperature control is a significant consideration. This reliance on electricity is a primary challenge that experts are working to solve.