Thomas Kuhn’s concept of the paradigm shift represents a seminal challenge to the traditional view of scientific progress as a linear and cumulative enterprise. In his work, a paradigm is not merely a theory but a comprehensive conceptual framework, encompassing fundamental laws, theoretical assumptions, and standard experimental procedures that guide research within a particular scientific community. Scientific advancement, according to Kuhn, is characterized by long periods of “normal science,” wherein researchers work diligently to solve puzzles within the accepted paradigm. However, this process invariably leads to the accumulation of anomalies—empirical findings that stubbornly resist explanation under the current framework. When these anomalies become sufficiently numerous or profound, they precipitate a crisis, undermining the scientific community's confidence in the prevailing paradigm. This crisis period fosters the emergence of rival paradigms. The subsequent transition from an old paradigm to a new one is not a logical, incremental step but a revolutionary transformation. Kuhn introduced the controversial notion of incommensurability, suggesting that competing paradigms are mutually untranslatable; they operate with different ontological assumptions and evaluative criteria. Consequently, the choice between them is not decided solely by logic and evidence but is also influenced by sociological and psychological factors within the scientific community. This reconceptualization posits that scientific revolutions are fundamental shifts in worldview, rather than simple additions to existing knowledge.